The effects of the benzo[a]pyrene on selected blood parameters in the chick embryos in ovo
Keywords:
animal models, carcinogens, hematopoiesis (blood formation), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbonsAbstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) constitute a large group of persistent environmental pollutants, among which benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is considered one of the most important compounds from a public health perspective due to its carcinogenic, teratogenic, and cytotoxic properties. Although the biological effects of BaP have been extensively investigated in mammals, its influence on avian embryonic development and haematological processes remains insufficiently characterised. In the present study, the chicken embryo in ovo model was used to investigate the effects of BaP exposure on selected embryonic blood parameters. Fertilised eggs were exposed to different doses of BaP administered into the yolk sac during embryonic development, and changes in haematological profiles were evaluated. The following parameters were determined: white blood cell count (WBC), red blood cell count (RBC), haemoglobin concentration (HGB), haematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), as well as the percentages of heterophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils. Exposure to BaP resulted in dose-dependent alterations in both erythrocyte and leukocyte parameters, indicating disturbances in embryonic haematopoiesis and immune cell distribution. The observed changes demonstrate the sensitivity of the chicken embryo in ovo model to BaP-induced developmental toxicity. The present study provides important insights into the effects of BaP on blood formation and immune system development during vertebrate embryogenesis and supports the use of avian embryos as a valuable model for environmental toxicology studies.
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