New locality for Leptothrix ochracea in Poland
Keywords:
Leptothrix genus, iron-oxidising bacteria, ferruginous waters, Western CarpathiansAbstract
The iron-oxidising bacterium Leptothrix ochracea (Roth) Kützing plays an important role in the biogeochemical cycling of iron through the oxidation of dissolved ferrous iron and the formation of iron-rich deposits. L. ochracea exhibits considerable metabolic flexibility and can thrive as a mixotrophic iron oxidiser, utilising iron oxidation as an energy source and both inorganic and organic carbon for biomass and sheath production. This study reports a previously undocumented natural locality of L. ochracea in the Western Carpathians, within the Beskid Niski Mountains (Małopolska Region, southern Poland). The bacterium was recorded at Dione Spring, a neutral, iron- and manganese-rich freshwater habitat associated with groundwater seepage. Its presence was confirmed based on characteristic morphological features, including filamentous cells enclosed in sheaths encrusted with iron oxyhydroxides. Dense microbial aggregates dominated by L. ochracea, with a minor contribution from Gallionella ferruginea Ehrenberg, were observed within biofilms and ferruginous precipitates. This newly documented locality expands our knowledge of the distribution of iron-oxidising bacteria in the Polish Carpathians.
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