Phenological growth stages and BBCH-identification keys of Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24917/25438832.6.12Keywords:
topinambour, BBCH scale, phenological stagesAbstract
Celem pracy było nazwanie i standaryzacja faz rozwojowych słonecznika bulwiastego (Helianthus tuberosus L.), rosnącego w klimacie umiarkowanym, na podstawie klucza oznaczeń BBCH. Tego rodzaju analizę wykonano po raz pierwszy, co było oczekiwane w dyskursie naukowym, jak i praktycznym. Rosnące zainteresowanie tym gatunkiem, zarówno z punktu widzenia naukowego jak i utylitarnego, stawia potrzebę nazwania jego poszczególnych stadiów rozwojowych oraz ich standaryzacji w zakresie nomenklatury. Słonecznik bulwiasty jest rośliną o wielokierunkowym wykorzystaniu w różnych gałęziach przemysłu. Surowcem w przemyśle spożywczym są bulwy, które gromadzą znaczne ilości inuliny - łańcuchowego polimeru fruktozy, o istotnych właściwościach probiotycznych. Dzięki temu bulwy są cennym składnikiem żywności funkcjonalnej, substratem w produkcji farmaceutyków, czy napojów alkoholowych, a także pozwalają na przetrwanie gatunku w środowisku w okresie zimowym. Formowanie się bulw zachodzi przez znaczną część rozwoju ontologicznego gatunku (BBCH 49) i związane jest głównie z fotoperiodem, sumą temperatur efektywnych oraz obecnością nadziemnej biomasy rośliny, z której zachodzi alokacja asymilatów do bulw w okresie rozwoju generatywnego. Spośród wielu innych zastosowań, roślina ta jest wykorzystywana jako surowiec energetyczny, gdyż naturalnie wyschnięta biomasa nadziemna, pod koniec sezonu wegetacyjnego, zawiera niską zawartość wody i plasuje ten gatunek w środku listy roślin energetycznych.
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