Recent findings and future prospects on the applications of chitosan in various fields
Keywords:
biomaterials , drug delivery systems, tissue engineering, antimicrobial activity, food preservationAbstract
Chitin is a natural polysaccharide foundin insect exoskeletons, crustaceans, and fungal cell walls, and is the second most abundant biopolymer after cellulose. Through deacetylation, chitin can be converted into chitosan by removing acetyl groups. Due to its low toxicity, biodegradability, and biocompatibility, chitosan is widely investigated as a biomaterial. This article reviews the roles of chitosan, and chitosan-based coatings in medical and pharmaceutical applications, while also addressing their importance in agriculture and food science. Their major applications include serving as carriers for active ingredients such as cosmetic compounds, drug delivery systems, and nanoparticles that improve the effectiveness ofagrochemicals. They are also widely applied in pharmaceutical formulations because of their mucoadhesive properties, as well as in tissue engineering for the regeneration of damaged or lost tissues. In addition, chitosan exhibits antimicrobial activity by absorbing metal ions, interacting with bacterial cell walls, and binding to DNA. Other important applications include food preservation and environmentally friendly water treatment through the removal of heavy metals, oils, greases, and other toxic substances. Owing to their notable antifungal and antibacterial properties, these materials have broad potential in the food, environmental, medical, textile, cosmetic, and agricultural industries.
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