Measures to achieve a stable farming system in sustainable agriculture – a short review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24917/25438832.4.11Keywords:
intercropping, chemical fertiliser, manure, sustainable agriculture, stable systemAbstract
Zrównoważony system rolny jest najlepszym sposobem na zaspokojenie potrzeb dzisiejszych i przyszłych pokoleń. W systemie tym wielkość plonu wzrasta wraz z zastosowaniem upraw międzyrzędowych, poprzez wyższy współczynnik wzrostu roślin, redukcję nasion chwastów, ograniczenie ilości szkodników i chorób oraz bardziej efektywne wykorzystanie zasobów. Uprawa międzyrzędowa jest jednym z najważniejszych sposobów zwiększenia różnorodności w ekosystemie rolniczym. Systemy międzyplonowe mogą być bardziej stabilnymi systemami praktyk rolniczych niż uprawy monokulturowe. Najważniejszymi zaletami uprawy międzyrzędowej są: zwiększenie produkcji rolnej i większe wykorzystanie zasobów środowiska. Zintegrowane stosowanie nawozów syntetycznych i organicznych może również prowadzić do rozwoju zrównoważonej produkcji roślinnej. Metoda ta poprawia wydajność działania nawozów chemicznych i jednocześnie ogranicza ich stosowanie. Zielony nawóz z roślin strączkowych, takich jak: koniczyna, lucerna i inne, które są bogatym źródłem azotu uwalnianego w glebie, jest w stanie zmniejszyć znacząco zapotrzebowanie na azot syntetyczny. Tego rodzaju biologiczne wiązanie azotu odgrywa bardzo ważną rolę w zrównoważonych systemach rolniczych. W zrównoważonym systemie rolnym nawozy, odchody zwierzęce i rośliny uprawne oraz chwasty są ważnymi parametrami dla zapewnienia stabilnej produkcji żywności.
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